Incretin-Based Therapies for Diabetic Complications: Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence
نویسندگان
چکیده
An increase in the rates of morbidity and mortality associated with diabetic complications is a global concern. Glycemic control is important to prevent the development and progression of diabetic complications. Various classes of anti-diabetic agents are currently available, and their pleiotropic effects on diabetic complications have been investigated. Incretin-based therapies such as dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) are now widely used in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. A series of experimental studies showed that incretin-based therapies have beneficial effects on diabetic complications, independent of their glucose-lowering abilities, which are mediated by anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress properties. Based on these findings, clinical studies to assess the effects of DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1RA on diabetic microvascular and macrovascular complications have been performed. Several but not all studies have provided evidence to support the beneficial effects of incretin-based therapies on diabetic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. We herein discuss the experimental and clinical evidence of incretin-based therapy for diabetic complications.
منابع مشابه
Effects of Incretin-Based Therapies on Diabetic Microvascular Complications
The morbidity and mortality associated with diabetic complications impose a huge socioeconomic burden worldwide. Therefore, the ultimate goal of managing diabetes mellitus (DM) is to lower the risk of macrovascular complications and highly morbid microvascular complications such as diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Potential benefits of incretin-based therapies such as gl...
متن کاملThe safety of incretin-based therapies--review of the scientific evidence.
CONTEXT Antidiabetic therapies based on potentiation of incretin action are now widely used; however, understanding of their long-term safety remains incomplete. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We searched articles in PubMed for data assessing the safety of incretin-based therapies. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Three major areas of interest are reviewed: incretin action in the cardiovascular system, pancreatiti...
متن کاملPhysiology and pathophysiology of incretins in the kidney.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Incretin-based therapy with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors is considered a promising therapeutic option for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cumulative evidence, mainly from preclinical animal studies, reveals that incretin-based therapies also may elicit beneficial effects on kidney function. This review gives an over...
متن کاملIncretin-Based Therapy for Prevention of Diabetic Vascular Complications
Diabetic vascular complications are the most common cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with numbers of affected individuals steadily increasing. Diabetic vascular complications can be divided into two categories: macrovascular andmicrovascular complications. Macrovascular complications include coronary artery diseaseand cerebrovascular disease, while microvascular complications include...
متن کاملRole of GLP-1 and DPP-4 in diabetic nephropathy and cardiovascular disease.
Although there have been major advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy, current best practice still leaves a significant treatment gap. The incidence of diabetes and associated nephropathy is increasing, with the main cause of mortality being related to cardiovascular causes. Novel therapies which are both 'cardio-rena...
متن کامل